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Evaluation of ecotoxicity of selected chemicals with using algal test.
Kosárová, Hedvika ; Pavlovský, Jiří (referee) ; Doležalová Weissmannová, Helena (advisor)
This bachelor thesis deals with the ecotoxicity of 2 - [(2,6-dichlorophenyl)aniline] benzene acetic acid (diclofenac), ?-methyl-4-(2-methylpropyl) benzene acetic acid (ibuprofen) and mixture of cadmium and diclofenac and studies the above using algal toxicity test in accordance with ISO 8692. The theoretical part describes the issue of pharmaceuticals in the environment, and characteristics of standards algae tests and alternative tests. Freshwater green algae Desmodesmus subspicatus were used as testing organisms in all the implemented algal toxicity tests. By the means of these tests, the IrC50 values for the standard substance potassium dichromate, the drugs diclofenac and ibuprofen and cadmium were determined. The toxicity of cadmium in mixture with diclofenac was also evaluated.
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Ecotoxicity of selected musk compounds
Cvikýřová, Zuzana ; Vávrová, Milada (referee) ; Zlámalová Gargošová, Helena (advisor)
Products of daily use, which are mainly cosmetics and personal care products could significantly affect the environment. Recently, in terms of environmental protection, organic compounds responsible for the pleasant smell of these products - synthetic fragrances or musk compounds - are often mentioned. This diploma thesis aims to assess the ecotoxicity of several new substances from the group linear (alicyclic) musk compounds. From this group following fragrance ingrediens were tested: lilial, linalool, arocete and aroflorone. Since the majority of their residues enter the aquatic ecosystem, aquatic freshwater crustacean Daphnia magna and Thamnocephalus platyurus and aquatic plant Lemna minor were selected as test organisms. Individual ecotoxicity of above mentioned substances was evaluated as well as toxicity of binary mixture of arofloron and linalool on organisms Daphnia magna and Thamnocephalus platyurus. Based on the test results the ecotoxicological values LC50, EC50 and IC50 for the tested substances were evaluated and their ecotoxicity was compared. Lilial showed the highest ecotoxicity. Value of 24h EC50 for organism Daphnia magna was 2.13 mg/l and value of 24h LC50 for the organism Thamnocephalus platyurus was 10.86 mg/l.
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Ecotoxicological evalution of agents based surfactants.
Doležalová, Šárka ; Vávrová, Milada (referee) ; Zlámalová Gargošová, Helena (advisor)
The surfactants have become a common part of everyday human life. For their properties they are used as aditive components of foam extinguishers used in large quantities for area fires fighting. This thesis deals with the ecotoxicological evaluation of commercially available fire-fighting agents Sthamex F 15, Moussol APS F 15, Finiflam F 15, Expyrol F 15 and Pyrocool B, which are made on the basis of surfactants. In the framework of this thesis the ecotoxicological effects of selected extinquishing agents were assessed through aquatic ecotoxicity tests with organisms Thamnocephalus platyurus, Daphnia magna, dicotyledonous plants Lemna minor and white mustard seeds Sinapis alba. Via tests of contaminated soils leachate the effect of soil sorption complex on the ecotoxicological effects was evaluated. Extinguishing agents were further considered in terms of acute ecotoxicity for soil organism via ecotoxicological tests in the contact arrangement using earthworm Eisenia fetida and lettuce seeds Lactuca sativa. To assess the influence of biodegradation under different conditions on ecotoxicological effects the seed germination tests of L. sativa were conducted with hindsight. According to the results of the individual tests this work discuss the need for further evaluation of the negative influence of selected agents, while paying special attention to legislative measures.
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Influence of advanced oxidative processess on ecotoxicity of pesticides
Goma, Bernadette ; Procházková, Petra (referee) ; Zlámalová Gargošová, Helena (advisor)
The topic of this bachelor thesis is a study of the influence of advanced oxidation processes on the ecotoxicity of pesticides Metazachlor and Chloridazon. Both herbicides are commonly used to protect crops such as oilseed rape, turnips, chard or fodder beet against whole range of undesirable monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous plants. Application is most often on large areas and therefore pose a high risk to the quality of the environment. The possible influence on the representatives of producers and consumers of the aquatic ecosystem was monitored in the work. Solutions of pesticides, which were subjected to selected methods of treatment using advanced oxidation processes, were tested on aquatic organisms, specifically on crustaceans Daphnia magna and aquatic plant Lemna minor. From the results of individual tests, the ecotoxicological values of EC50 and IC50 were calculated and their ecotoxicity and thus the efficiency of oxidation processes in the removal of pollutants from wastewater were compared.
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Ecotoxicity of cholesterol-lowering-drugs
Königsmarková, Kristýna ; Vávrová, Milada (referee) ; Zlámalová Gargošová, Helena (advisor)
This bachelor thesis is focused on the ecotoxicological testing of blood cholesterol lowering drugs. At first it considers the issue from a theoretical point of view – describes the effect of residual drugs on the environment, the distribution of hypolipidemics, the risks of elevated cholesterol, then deals with ecotoxicology and introduces the principles of ecotoxicological testing. In the experimental part, these following drugs were tested: Corsim, Atoris, Lipanthyl Supra, Lipanthyl 267M. In addition, clofibric acid – the metabolite of fibrates was tested. Residues of these drugs are found mainly in the aquatic ecosystem, that is why tests of aquatic organisms have been used to evaluate ecotoxicity. Test organisms were Thamnocephalus platyurus, Lemna minor and Vibrio fischeri. LC50, EC50 and IC50 values were determined on the basis of test results. Using these values, the ecotoxicity of the above mentioned hypolipidemics was evaluated.
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Evaluation of ecotoxicity of selected pharmaceuticals
Weiss, Jan ; Dvořáková, Dagmar (referee) ; Zlámalová Gargošová, Helena (advisor)
In recent years consumption of drugs and thus the quantity of their residues in natural ecosystems is increasing. It is necessary to deal with their possible negative effects on the environment. This thesis is focused on the ecotoxicological evaluation of pharmaceuticals. Diclofenac and ibuprofen from the group of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory substances, penicillin G and ampicillin from the group of antibiotics were tested. Mainly tests on aquatic organisms were used to evaluate of ecotoxicity, because the tested pharmaceuticals are predominantly occurred in the aquatic environment. Daphnia magna, Thamnocephalus platyurus, Artemia salina, Sinapis alba, Lemna minor, and Brachionus calyciflorus were used as testing organisms. Values of LC50, EC50 and IC50 were determinated and the ecotoxicity of pharmaceuticals was compared.
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Ecotoxicological assessment of contaminated matrices discharged into the ecosystem
Urbanová, Veronika ; Vávrová, Milada (referee) ; Zlámalová Gargošová, Helena (advisor)
This diploma thesis evaluates the influence of contaminated matrices introduced into the ecosystem in terms of ecotoxicity. It is focused mainly on matrix generated by anthropogenic activities, especially waste of various origin - industrial, energetical, biodegradable and more. For experimental purposes sewage sludge as the bulk waste with the ever-increasing production was selected. Sewage sludge was tested at its most common use - application on the agricultural land. This application is limited by legislative through the concentration limits of hazardous elements. For this reason, the potential ecotoxicity of sludge was evaluated. Ecotoxicological evaluation was performed using the contact bioassays. As the test organisms Eisenia foetida, Folsomia candida, Heterocypris incongruens a plant Lactuca sativa were selected. Sludge from wastewater treatment plants Brno - Modřice, Valtice, Mikulov and Lednice was tested. Samples of sewage sludge showed no ecotoxicity, while respecting the application amount established by the regulation. On the contrary, it can be concluded that soils enriched by sewage sludge show positive effect on soil biota.
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Using of organism Eisenia foetida in ecotoxicity tests
Modlitbová, Pavlína ; Vávrová, Milada (referee) ; Zlámalová Gargošová, Helena (advisor)
Pesticide products used for plant protection are one of the chemicals that are intentionally brought into the environment. In Czech Republic there are legally used only those pesticide products, which are registered by SRS (State Phytosanitary Administration). For registration of these products there is required in addition to assessing the likely negative effects on human and animal health, also information whether the pesticide products negatively not affect the environment, in particular avoiding the contamination of aqua system or not effect the non target organisms. This master's thesis discuss the use of organism Eisenia foetida (redworm) in the contact ecotoxicity tests by testing pesticide products. There were selected such pesticide products where there are not solid information about their impact on non-target soil organism (Eisenia foetida) and based on literature research was chosen ecotoxicity test by OECD 207 method, the acute toxicity test which is in place for 14 days. Two pesticide products Topsin M 500 SC (active ingredient thiophanate-methyl) and Perfekthion (active ingredient dimethoate) were tested. Ecotoxicological values were calculated and ecotoxicity of such peticide products for soil organism were avaulated.
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